![]() ![]() Those vary from breathing issues that can lead to death as well as heart problems that can also be lethal.īrain stem compression can result from swelling and this condition can lead to a stroke. Besides, doctors suspect a stroke that affected the brain stem or a condition called demyelination.ĭepending on the affected area, be it the medulla oblongata, or the pons, etc., different disorders take place. Similarly, vestibular and respiratory disturbance occurs due to a brain stem lesion.Ībnormal consciousness can also be a result of a tumor, a trauma, or infection of this part of the brain. Moreover, different speech disorders and dysphagia are often caused by damage to the brain stem. That’s why some brain stem injuries can jeopardize the patient’s life. Namely, the neural structures that are found in this part of the brain are of the utmost importance. Functions of the Brain StemĮven minor damages and lesions on the brain stem result in serious consequences. Spinal cord to the body are called PNS (peripheral nervous system). Sensory neurons transmit information to the brain regarding skin temperature, touch, pain, and joint position.Ĭalled the CNS (central nervous system), while the nerves that connect the ![]() The nerves that transfer information from the body back to the brain are called sensory neurons. The nerves that transmit information from the brain to the muscles are called neurons. Nerves coming out of the spinal cord in the middle and lower back control the torso and arms, as well as the bladder, womb, and sexual functions. The nerves that exit the spinal cord on the upper part, inside the neck, control the hand on that side. The anatomy of the spinal cord itself is made up of millions of nerve fibers that transmit electrical information from the brain to the limbs, torso, and organs, and vice versa. Part of the brain stem, we want to elaborate on this part of the CNS in thisĪrticle, as these two structures are connected and represent a continuation ofĬSF (cerebrospinal fluid), which acts as a protective factor that protects theĭelicate nerve tissues from damage that causes the spinal cord to collapse. ![]() As a result, it heavily affects our muscles, movements, etc. Namely, it transfers the nerve impulses from our body to the brain and the other way around. Intervention studies are needed to impact excessive daytime sleepiness, irregular sleeping and waking patterns, and other identified sleep-wake disorders.The spinal cord is one of the most important parts of our body responsible for its proper functioning. Rigorous longitudinal designs are needed for future studies to detect onset patterns and trajectory of sleep-wake disorders. Implications for Nursing: Current sleep literature has identified patterns of sleep disturbances in cross-sectional studies of brain tumor survivors. Interventions are needed to improve daytime function and decrease the effect of sleep disturbances on quality of life. Various demographic-, disease-, and treatment-related variables are involved in driving the onset of sleep disturbances. Patients with craniopharyngiomas, radiation dose more than 3,500 cGy, and younger age at time of treatment experienced more severe sleep dysfunction.Ĭonclusions: Patients with brain tumors experience a disruption of sleep-wake patterns associated with major dysfunction in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, affecting both Process S (homeostasis) and Process C (circadian) from the Two-Process Model of Sleep Regulation. This contributes to decreased daytime alertness, which remains the most reported sleep-wake disturbance in brain tumor survivors. The search and a personal communication with one author discovered 25 English-language research articles and case reports describing sleep-wake patterns in brain tumor survivors from 1966-2008.ĭata Synthesis: Disease- and treatment-related factors from direct injury to the hypothalamus results in irregular melatonin secretion and low hypocretin levels. Purpose/Objectives: To identify factors associated with sleep-wake disturbances in pediatric and adult survivors (aged older than 18 years) of pediatric brain tumors.ĭata Sources: A computerized literature search was completed using MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, CancerLit, Dissertation Abstracts International, and PsycINFO. ![]()
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